Top 17 World’s Biggest Tire Companies in 2024

 

Top 17 World’s Biggest Tire Companies in 2024- Based on the annual report of company in 2024, there are 17 World’s Biggest Tire Companies. These companies have billions of US Dollar revenues and net income as well as total assets. Statistically, some people in the world may know these tire companies or probably still use these tire products. 

Principally, tires are devices that cover the wheels. Tires are an indispensable part of vehicles (cars, motorcycle, or bicycle) and are used to reduce vibration caused by road surface irregularities, protect the vehicle from damage, and provide stability between the vehicle and the ground to increase acceleration and movement. Most tires that exist today, especially those used for vehicles, are manufactured from synthetic rubber, although it can also be used from other materials such as steel.

In 2024, there are 17 world’s biggest tire companies and commonly we know these companies because we usually used their products. Here are the 17 world’s biggest tire companies based on the net income that they earned in 2024. Overall, this data of revenue and income of each company was obtained from the income statement of the annual report of the company in 2024. Basically, the annual report is a published report of a company that usually describes the business, financial, and operational performance in the specific year annually.

 

The Rank of 17 World’s Biggest Tire Companies According to Net Income in 2024

 

Rank	Name of Tire Companies	Total Revenue	Total Revenue	Net Income	Net Income
		Origin Currency	US Dollar	Origin Currency	US Dollar
1	Michelin	EUR 27.1 billion	USD 29.8 billion	EUR 1.89 billion	USD 2 billion
2	Bridgestone	JPY 4.43 trillion	USD 31 billion	JPY 284 billion	USD 1.98 billion
3	Continental	EUR 39.7 billion	USD 43.6 billion	EUR 1.16 billion	USD 1.27 billion
4	Hankook	KRW 9.4 trillion	USD 6.84 billion	KRW 1.76 trillion	USD 1.2 billion
5	Sailun Group	RMB 31.6 billion	USD 4.4 billion	RMB 4 billion	USD 0.56 billion
6	Pirelli	EUR 6.77 billion	USD 7.4 billion	EUR 0.5 billion	USD 0.55 billion
7	Toyo Tires	JPY 565 billion	USD 3.95 billion	JPY 74.8 billion	USD 0.52 billion
8	Yokohama	JPY 1,094 billion	USD 7.65 billion	JPY 74.9 billion	USD 0.52 billion
9	Shandong Linglong Tyre	RMB 21.9 billion	USD 3 billion	RMB 1.75 billion	USD 0.24 billion
10	MRF	24,986 Rs Crores	USD 2.9 billion	2,040 Rs Crores	USD 0.24 billion
11	Apollo	INR 253 billion	USD 3 billion	INR 17.2 billion	USD 0.2 billion
12	Triangle Tyre Co	RMB 10 billion	USD 1.4 billion	RMB 1.1 billion	USD 0.15 billion
13	Goodyear	USD 18.8 billion	USD 18.8 billion	USD 0.070 billion	USD 0.070 billion
14	Sumitomo Tires	JPY 1.21 trillion	USD 8.4 billion	JPY 9.86 billion	USD 0.069 billion
15	Giti	RMB 4.1 billion	USD 0.57 billion	RMB 183 million	USD 0.025 billion
16	Cheng Shin Rubber	TWD 96.2 billion	USD 0.07 billion	TWD 8 billion	USD 0.005 billion
17	Nokian Tyres	EUR 1.28 billion	USD 1.4 billion	(EUR -22.8 million)	(USD -25 million)
Source: Annual Report, 2024
Origin Currency: Currency officially Used at the Annual Report
US Dollar: Converted Currency from Origin Currency into US Dollar
Currency Rate:
	1 Japanese Yen (JPY) = 0.007 US Dollar (USD)
	1 Euro (EUR) = 1.1 US Dollar (USD)
	1 Korean Won (KRW)= 0.00073 US Dollar (USD)
	1 Rupee India (INR) = 0.012 US Dollar (USD)
	1 Rs Crores = 10 million Indian Rupee
	1 Taiwan Dollar (TWD) = 0.031 US Dollar (USD)
	1 Renminbi (RMB) = 0.14 US Dollar (USD)

As additional data, we also add some data related to the company’s financial position. These data are total assets and total liabilities from each company, and it shows what company owns (total assets) and what company owes (total liabilities). Commonly, these indicators can be found in the balance sheet of the annual report. Here are the 17 world’s biggest tire companies based on their total assets.

 

The Rank of 17 World’s Biggest Tire Companies According to Total Assets in 2024

 

Rank	Name of Tire Companies	Total Assets	Total Assets	Total Liabilities	Total Liabilities
		Origin Currency	US Dollar	Origin Currency	US Dollar
1	Michelin	EUR 37.3 billion	USD 41 billion	EUR 18.7 billion	USD 20.57 billion
2	Continental	EUR 36.9 billion	USD 40.5 billion	EUR 22.1 billion	USD 24.3 billion
3	Bridgestone	JPY 5,723 billion	USD 40 billion	JPY 1,937 billion	USD 13.5 billion
4	Goodyear	USD 20.9 billion	USD 20.9 billion	USD 16 billion	USD 16 billion
5	Pirelli	EUR 13.6 billion	USD 14.96 billion	EUR 7.7 billion	USD 8.47 billion
6	Yokohama	JPY 1.73 trillion	USD 12.1 billion	JPY 0.831 trillion	USD 5.8 billion
7	Hankook	KRW 15.8 trillion	USD 11.5 billion	KRW 4.6 trillion	USD 3.35 billion
8	Sumitomo Tires	JPY 1.34 trillion	USD 9.38 billion	JPY 0.665 billion	USD 4.6 billion
9	Shandong Linglong Tyre	RMB 47 billion	USD 6.58 billion	RMB 24.3 billion	USD 3.4 billion
10	Sailun Group	RMB 40.2 billion	USD 5.62 billion	RMB 19.5 billion	USD 2.73 billion
11	Toyo Tires	JPY 722 billion	USD 5 billion	JPY 250 billion	USD 1.7 billion
12	Apollo	INR 269 billion	USD 3.2 billion	INR 130 billion	USD 1.5 billion
13	MRF	26,414 RS Crores	USD 3.1 billion	9974 Rs Crores	USD 1.2 Billion
14	Triangle Tyre Co. Ltd.	RMB 19.2 billion	USD 2.68 billion	RMB 5.54 billion	USD 0.77 billion
15	Nokian Tyres	EUR 2.4 billion	USD 2.64 billion	EUR 1.1 billion	USD 1.21 billion
16	Giti	RMB 3.88 billion	USD 0.54 billion	RMB 1.83 billion	USD 0.25 billion
17	Cheng Shin Rubber	TWD 146 billion	USD 0.1 billion	TWD 55.8 billion	USD 0.04 billion
Source: Annual Report, 2024
Origin Currency: Currency officially Used at the Annual Report
US Dollar: Converted Currency from Origin Currency into US Dollar
Currency Rate:
	1 Japanese Yen (JPY) = 0.0068 US Dollar (USD)
	1 Euro (EUR) = 1.1 US Dollar (USD)
	1 Korean Won (KRW)= 0.00074 US Dollar (USD)
	1 Rupee India (INR) = 0.012 US Dollar (USD)
	1 Rs Crores = 10 million Indian Rupee (INR)
	1 Taiwan Dollar (TWD) = 0.031 US Dollar (USD)
	1 Renminbi (RMB) = 0.14 US Dollar (USD)

 

Brief Description of 17 World’s Biggest Tire Companies in 2024

 

1.Continental

Historically, Continental was founded in Hanover in 1871 as the stock corporation “Continental-Caoutchouc- und Gutta-Percha Compagnie”. Operationally, this company has a main factory in Hannover, Lower Saxony which makes some tire products including soft rubber products, rubberized fabrics, and solid tires for carriages and bicycles. Furthermore, in terms of workforce, Continental has employed around 200,000 people located in 56 countries and markets.

As of 2024, Continental is one of the top 5 automotive suppliers worldwide and operates numerous tire manufacturing facilities with a strong market presence in Europe, North America, and Asia. Along with the development of the company's business, these companies have some products of tires. Some of the brand tires of continental are Uniroyal, Semperit, Barum, General Tire, Viking, Gislaved, Mabor, Matador and Sportiva brands.

Financially, according to its annual report in 2024, Continental was the German-based tires company with a total asset of EUR 36.9 billion or equivalent to USD 40.5 billion with total liabilities of around EUR 22.1 billion or equivalent to USD 24.3 billion. Based on the business performance in 2024, Continental successfully generated total revenue of EUR 39.7 billion or equivalent to USD 43.6 billion and successfully gained performance with net income of EUR 1.16 billion or equivalent with USD 1.27 billion.

 

2. Bridgestone

 

Bridgestone Corporation is one of the biggest manufacturers of tires in the world. Historically, this company was founded by Shojiro Ishibashi in 1931 with the name of Bridgestone Tire Co in the city of Kurume, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Along with the development of the company, this company has 130 manufacturing plants and R&D Facilities spreading out the nations and has produced many tire products including passenger car tires, truck and bus tires, specialties tires (off-the-road mining and construction vehicle, aircraft, agricultural machinery, motorcycle). With employees of more than 121 thousand people, this company still moves forward with innovative products. Operationally, based on the product, this company markets some tire products with distinct brands, namely Ecopia, Turanza, Potenza, Dueler, Blizzak, Battlax and other tire brands.

Financially, in 2024, based on the annual report, Bridgestone successfully generated total revenue of JPY 4.43 trillion or equivalent to USD 31 billion and successfully gained positive net income reaching JPY 284 billion or equivalent to USD 1.98 billion. In terms of financial position from the balance sheet of the annual report in 2024, total assets of Bridgestone reached JPY 5,723 billion or equivalent to USD 40 billion with total liabilities of around JPY 1,937 billion or equivalent to USD 13.5 billion.

 

3.Michelin

Michelin is a global tire company from Clermont-Ferrand, France. Historically, this company was founded by Édouard Michelin and André Michelin on May 26th, 1889. Along with the business development of the company, Michelin has 83 tire production sites in 26 countries, 45 polymer composite solutions production plants and commercial offices in 170 countries, with total employees around the world reaching 129 thousand people.

Financially in 2024, Michelin still had a positive performance which gained total revenue of EUR 27.1 billion or equivalent with USD 29.8 billion and net income of EUR 1.89 billion or equivalent with USD 2 billion. In terms of financial position, Michelin has total assets of around EUR 37.3 billion or equivalent to USD 41 billion with total liabilities of around EUR 18.7 billion or equivalent to USD 20.57 billion.

 

4.Goodyear

The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company is an American-based Tire company. Historically, this company was founded on August 29th, 1898, by Frank Seiberling. The name comes from Charles Goodyear, the creator of vulcanized rubber. Today, this company still has a central office in Akron, Ohio, United States of America (USA). Currently, as of 2024, Goodyear company has employed approximately 68,000 full-time and temporary associates worldwide. Along with the business development of the company, Goodyear has several brands of tires. These brands include Goodyear, Cooper, Dunlop, Kelly, Mastercraft, Roadmaster, Debica, Sava, Fulda, Mickey Thompson, Avon and Remington brands and various “house” brands. Furthermore, Goodyear also owned the selling rights of the Dunlop brand in Europe, North America, and Oceania.

Financially, according to its annual report in 2024, Goodyear successfully generated total revenue of USD 18.8 billion and successfully gained net income of USD 0.070 billion. In terms of financial position, Goodyear in the year 2024 has total assets of around USD 20.9 billion and total liabilities of around USD 16 billion.

 

5.Pirelli

Pirelli & C. S.p.A.is one of the world’s biggest tire manufacturers based in Milan, Italy. Historically, this company was founded by Giovanni Battista Pirelli in 1872. Along with the development of the company, Pirelli has around 18 production plants in 12 Countries, a commercial presence in over 160 countries, and employs about 31,100 people. Today, structurally, based on ownership, ChemChina still has the highest proportion of share with 37% share ownership, Investitori istituzionali italiani with 29.7% share and Marco Tronchetti Provera with 22 % share.

Financially, in 2024, Pirelli successfully generated total revenue of EUR 6.77 billion or equivalent to USD 7.4 billion and net income of EUR 0.5 billion or equivalent to USD 0.55 billion. In terms of financial position, Pirelli has total assets of around EUR 13.6 billion or equivalent to USD 14.96 billion and total liabilities of around EUR 7.7 billion or equivalent to USD 8.47 billion.

 

6.Sumitomo Tires

 

Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd is Japanese-based rubber. Along with the development of the company, this company has 81,288 employees and has branches in 125 locations spread out in 64 countries and regions. In 1963, the Sumitomo Group officially acquired Dunlop Japan and changed its name to Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd. In Asia, Africa, and Latin America, Sumitomo Rubber holds the rights to the Dunlop brand. In addition, Sumitomo Tires has managed the production, marketing, and distribution of some tire brands including Falken, and Ohtsu tires.

 

Financially in the year 2024, Sumitomo Rubber successfully gained total revenue of around JPY 1.21 trillion or equivalent to USD 8.4 billion and net income of JPY 9.86 billion or equivalent with USD 0.069 billion. In terms of financial position, total assets of Sumitomo Rubber reached JPY 1.34 trillion or equivalent to USD 9.38 billion with total liabilities of around JPY 0.665 billion or equivalent to USD 4.6 billion.

 

 

7.Yokohama

 

Yokohama Rubber Company is another biggest tire company from Japan. Historically, this company was founded on October 13th, 1917, and still has a central office in Tokyo, Japan. Operationally, Yokohama Rubber Company has employed 34,198 people and has operations in 39 countries and 200 sites. Furthermore, as of 2024, some of the tire brands from Yokohama Rubber Company are Yokohama, Advan, BluEarth, Geolandar, IceGuard, Parada, PRGR, S. drive, Alliance, Galaxy, and Primex.

Financially, in 2024, based on the annual report, the Yokohama Rubber successfully generated total revenue of JPY 1,094 billion or equivalent to USD 7.65 billion and net income of JPY 74.9 billion or equivalent to USD 0.52 billion. In terms of financial position, total assets of Yokohama Rubber in 2024 reached JPY 1.73 trillion or equivalent to USD 12.1 billion and total liabilities of around JPY 0.831 trillion or equivalent to USD 5.8 billion.

 

8.Cheng Shin Rubber

Cheng Shin Rubber Ind. CO., LTD. has primary offices in Tatsun Hsiang, Changhua, Taiwan. Specifically, Cheng Shin Rubber has managed some well-known tire brands, including Maxxis and CST. Commonly, one of the brands namely “Maxxis” is popularly used in bicycle tires. As of 2024, Maxxis distributes its products in more than 180 countries and has operations in Asia, North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and Australia, employing more than 30,000 people.

Financially, in 2024, Cheng Shin Rubber could generate total revenue of TWD 96.2 billion or equivalent to USD 0.07 billion and net income of TWD 8 billion or equivalent to USD 0.005 billion. In terms of financial position, Chen Shin Rubber has total assets of around TWD 146 billion or equivalent to USD 0.1 billion with total liabilities of around TWD 55.8 billion or equivalent to USD 0.04 billion.

 

9.Toyo Tires

Toyo Tire Corporation has a primary office in Itami, Hyogo, Japan. Historically, this company was established on August 1st, 1945. Today, the company has around 12 thousand employees. Operationally, toyo Tire has manufacturing tires in four countries, namely Japan, the US, China, and Malaysia. Commoly, some tire brands sold by Toyo Tires are Toyo, Nitto, and Silverstone.

Financially, according to its annual report of 2024, the Toyo Tire Corporation successfully generates total revenue of JPY 565 billion or equivalent to USD 3.95 billion and net income of JPY 74.8 billion or equivalent to USD 0.52 billion. In terms of financial position, total assets of Toyo Tire Corporation reached JPY 722 billion or equivalent to USD 5 billion with total liabilities of around JPY 250 billion or equivalent to USD 1.7 billion.    

 10. Apollo Tyres Limited

Apollo Tyres Limited is an Indian tyre manufacturing company headquartered in Gurugram, Haryana. Historically, this company was established in 1972. Along with development of company business, Apollo has 7 Manufacturing locations across India and Europe, 2 Global R&D centers, and served more than 100 countries. To date, the total number of employees reaches 18,734 people. As of 2025, Apollo Tyres Limited has some tire brands including Apollo Tyres and Vredestein.

Financially, according to its annual report of 2024, Apollo successfully generated INR 253 billion or equivalent to USD 3 billion and its net income reached INR 17.2 billion or equivalent to USD 0.2 billion. In terms of financial position, total assets of Apollo Tyres Limited reached INR 269 billion or equivalent to USD 3.2 billion with total liabilities of around INR 130 billion or equivalent to USD 1.5 billion.

 

11.Hankook

Hankook Tire & Technology Group is a South Korean tire manufacturer headquartered in Seoul. Historically, this company was founded by Jae Hun Chung in 1941. Today, along with the development of the company, Hankook has 5 regional headquarters/divisions, 5 R&D Centers, 30 Sales Subsidiaries & Offices, 8 production facilities in Korea (2), China (3), USA, Hungary, and Indonesia. Globally, the total employee of a company reaches 20 thousand people. As of 2024, Hankook Tire & Technology produces 100 million high-quality tires per annum and is distributed to 160 countries throughout the world. In addition, this company employs over 20,000 people. In the tire industry, Hankook produced some different tires with different sub-brands, including iON (dedicated EV tires), Ventus (premium tires), Dynapro (SUV tires), Kinergy (comfort tires), Vantra (van tires), Winter i*cept (winter tires), and Smart (truck and bus tires).

Financially, according to its annual report in 2024, Hankook successfully generated total revenue of KRW 9.4 trillion or equivalent to USD 6.84 billion and net income reaching KRW 1.76 trillion or equivalent to USD 1.2 billion. Furthermore, related to financial position, total assets of Hankook Tire reached KRW 15.8 trillion or equivalent to USD 11.5 billion and total liabilities of around KRW 4.6 trillion or equivalent to USD 3.35 billion.         

 

12.Nokian Tyres

Nokian Tyres plc is a company headquartered in Nokia, Finland and has been established since 1898. Basically, this company produces tires for cars, trucks, buses, and heavy-duty equipment with main brands namely Nokian Tyres and Nordman. As of 2025, this company operates in over 60 countries around the world with 4,700 employees.

Financially, in 2024, this Nokian Tyres successfully generated total revenue of EUR 1.28 billion or equivalent to USD 1.4 billion but suffered net loss of EUR -22.8 million or equivalent with USD -25 million. In terms of financial position, Nokian Tyres has total assets of EUR 2.4 billion or equivalent to USD 2.64 billion with total liabilities of around EUR 1.1 billion or equivalent to USD 1.21 billion.

13. MRF

Madras Rubber Factory (MRF) is an Indian multinational tire manufacturing company Headquartered in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Historically, this company was founded by K. M. Mammen Mappillai in 1946. As of 2024, along with the development of the company, the total employee of the company reaches 16,194 people.

Financially, in 2024, based on the annual report, MRF successfully generated total revenue of 24,986 Rs Crores or equivalent to USD 2.9 billion and net income reached 2,040 Rs Crores or equivalent to USD 0.24 billion. In terms of financial position, total assets of Madras Rubber Factory (MRF) in 2024 reached 26,414 RS Crores or equivalent to USD 3.1 billion and total liabilities of around 9974 Rs Crores or equivalent to USD 1.2 billion.

 

14. Shandong Linglong Tyre    

Founded in 1975, Shandong Linglong Tyre Co., Ltd. is a specialized and large-scale technology-oriented tire manufacturer with some tire products including Passenger Car Tire, SUV Tire Winter, Tire Truck & Bus Tire, and Specialty Tire. As of the tire company, Shandong Linglong tyre has 7 R&D centers located in Zhaoyuan, Yantai, Shanghai, Jinan, Beijing, the United States, and Germany. Along with business development, Shandong Linglong has sold its products to 173 countries worldwide, with more than 100,000 marketing outlets in the world.

Financially according to its annual report in 2024, Shandong Linglong Tyre has total assets of RMB 47 billion or equivalent to USD 6.58 billion with total liabilities of around RMB 24.3 billion or equivalent to USD 3.4 billion. In terms of business performance in 2024, Shandong Linglong successfully gained total revenue of around RMB 21.9 billion or equivalent to USD 3 billion with net income of around RMB 1.75 billion or equivalent to USD 0.24 billion.

 

15. Sailun Group  

Founded in November 2002, Sailun Tire is a leading global tire manufacturer headquartered in Shibei District, Qingdao, China. Sailun operates tire manufacturing plants in Qingdao, Dongying, Shenyang, and Vietnam. Furthermore, the sales networks and logistics centers are established in Canada, Germany, and other regions to serve global markets. Annually, Sailun produces over 26.6 million TBR tires, 88 million PCR tires, and 310,000 tons of OTR tires, selling products in more than 180 countries across Europe, Americas, Asia, and Africa. Specifically, in the tire industry, some tire brands sold by Sailun Group are ERANGE EV, Blackhawk, Rovelo, RoadX, and Maxam.

Financially, according to its annual report in 2024, Sailun Group has total assets of around RMB 40.2 billion or equivalent to USD 5.62 billion with total liabilities of around RMB 19.5 billion or equivalent to USD 2.73 billion. In terms of business performance, Sailun Group successfully gained total revenue of around RMB 31.6 billion or equivalent to USD 4.4 billion with net income of around RMB 4 billion or equivalent to USD 0.56 billion.

 

16. Triangle Tyre Co. Ltd.       

Founded by the Weihai government in 1976, Triangle Group produces tires for various vehicles, including passenger cars and construction equipment, under the Triangle and DIAMONDBACK brands. Operationally, Triangle Group still has a central office in Weihai, Shandong, China. As of 2024, Triangle Group has manufacturing plant located in  Huasheng Plant (specializing in the production of passenger vehicle tires and giant tires, radial tires engineering), Huamao Plant (specializing in the production of commercial vehicle tires), Huayang Plant (specializing in the production of high-performance tires for passenger cars and SUVs), Huada Plant (specializing in tire retreading), Huaxin Plant (specializing in bias tire engineering).

In terms of financial aspects, Triangle Tyre has total assets of RMB 19.2 billion or equivalent to USD 2.68 billion with total liabilities of around RMB 5.54 billion or equivalent to USD 0.77 billion. Related to business performance, Triangle Tyre successfully gained a total revenue of RMB 10 billion or equivalent to USD 1.4 billion and net income RMB 1.1 billion or equivalent to USD 0.15 billion.

 

17. Giti       

Giti is A Singapore-Based Global Tire Company and Giti Tire offers some tires and exports to over 130 countries. As of business development, Giti has 5 Manufacturing Plants located in China, Indonesia, and the U.S.A. and R&D and Tire Testing Centers located in China, the U.S., Germany, Indonesia. As of 2025, Giti has employed 30,000 worldwide.

Financially, in the year 2024 according to the annual report, Giti has total assets of around RMB 3.88 billion or equivalent to USD 0.54 billion with total liabilities of around RMB 1.83 billion or equivalent to USD 0.25 billion. In terms of business performance in 2024, Giti successfully gained total revenue of around RMB 4.1 billion or equivalent to USD 0.57 billion with net income of around RMB 183 million or equivalent to USD 0.025 billion.

The Summary of 17 World's Biggest Tire Companies Based on Total Assets in 2024

The Summary of 17 World's Biggest Tire Companies Based on Net Income in 2024

 

Bibliography of 17 World’s Biggest Tire Companies in 2024

 

Michelin. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.michelin.com/en/investors/presentation-events/results-sales   on May 25th, 2025.

Continental. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.continental.com/en/investors/reports-presentations/  on May 25th, 2025.

Bridgestone. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed https://www.bridgestone.com/ir/   via on May 25th, 2025.

Goodyear. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://corporate.goodyear.com/us/en/investors/reports-and-filings/annual-reports.html on May 25th, 2025.

Pirelli. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://corporate.pirelli.com/corporate/en-ww/investors/financial-publications/financial-reports  on May 25th, 2025.

Yokohama. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.y-yokohama.com/global/ir/library/areport/  on May 25th, 2025.

Hankook. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.hankooktire.com/global/en/investors/financial-reports/annual-reports.html   on May 25th, 2025.

Sumitomo Tires. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.sumitomocorp.com/en/jp/ir  on May 25th, 2025.

Shandong Linglong Tyre. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/CN/XSHG/601966/financials  on May 25th, 2025.

Sailun Group. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/CN/XSHG/601058/financials on May 25th, 2025.

Toyo Tires. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.toyotires-global.com/ir/library/release/  on May 25th, 2025.

Apollo. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://corporate.apollotyres.com/investors/financial-reporting/#?activeTab=Annual_Report on May 25th, 2025.

MRF. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via May 25th, 2025.

Triangle Tyre Co. Ltd. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/CN/XSHG/601163/financials   on May 25th, 2025.

Nokian Tyres. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://company.nokiantyres.com/investors/reports-and-presentations/   on May 25th, 2025.

Giti. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.giti.com/investors  on May 25th, 2025.

Cheng Shin Rubber. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/TW/XTAI/2105/financials   on May 25th, 2025.