12 World’s Largest Motorcycle Companies

 

 

12 World’s Largest Motorcycle Companies- According to Annual Report of the motorcycle companies in 2024, there are 12 World’s Largest Motorcycle Companies in 2024. These motorcycle companies have million units of sales annually of their motorcycle products with billions of US Dollar of total revenue in 2024.

Commonly, many people still use motorcycles in their daily activities. Compared to other vehicles, especially cars, using motorcycles in daily activities has many benefits. Motorcycles usually consume far less fuel than cars because motorcycles have smaller engines and it means less fuel consumption. When facing more crowded traffic conditions, it is easier to filter through traffic jams and reach destinations faster, especially in crowded cities and in traffic-heavy countries (like Indonesia, India, Vietnam), motorcycles often cut commuting time compared to cars. In some regions, many people still prefer using motorcycles to cars because of the benefits mentioned above. Here is the list of 12 World’s Largest Motorcycle Companies in 2024. All the data were obtained from the Annual Report of Motorcycles companies in 2024.

 

 

The Rank of 12 World’s Largest Motorcycle Companies Based on Total Sales of Motorcycles in 2024

 

Rank	Name of Motorcycle Companies	Total Sales of Motorcycles in 2024
		(Units)
1	Honda Motor	20.2 million
2	Hero Moto Corp	5.9 million
3	Yamaha Motor	4.8 million
4	TVS Motor	4.74 million
5	Bajaj Auto	3.2 million
6	Suzuki	2.064 million
7	Eicher Motors (Royal Enfield)	1 million
8	Piaggio Group	481 thousand
9	KTM	292 thousand
10	BMW Motorrad	210 thousand
11	Harley-Davidson	151 thousand
12	Triumph Motorcycle	133 thousand
13	Ducati	54.4 thousand
14	Polaris (Indian Motorcycle)	24 thousand
Source: Annual Report, 2024

The Rank of 12 World’s Largest Motorcycle Companies Based on Operating Income/ Profit in 2024

 

 

Rank	Name of Motorcycle Companies	Total Revenue	Total Revenue	Operating Income/ Profit	Operating Income/ Profit
		(in origin currency)	(US Dollar)	(in origin currency)	(US Dollar)
1	Honda Motor	JPY 3,626 billion	USD 24.6 billion	JPY 663 billion	USD 4.5 billion
2	Bajaj Auto	50,010 Crores	USD 5.5 billion	10,101 Crores	USD 1.1 billion
3	Yamaha Motor	JPY 1,715 billion	USD 11.6 million	JPY 85.5 billion	USD 0.58 billion
4	Eicher Motors (Royal Enfield)	18,870 Crores	USD 2.07 billion	4,504 Crores	USD 0.495 billion
5	Hero Motor Corp	41,967 Crores	USD 4.6 billion	4,375 Crores	USD 0.48 billion
6	TVS Motor	31,925 Crores	USD 3.5 billion	3,514 Crores	USD 0.387 billion
7	Kawasaki Motors	JPY 592 billion	USD 4.02 billion	JPY 48 billion	USD 0.32 billion
8	Harley-Davidson	USD 4.12 billion	USD 4.12 billion	USD 277 million	USD 0.277 billion
9	Suzuki	JPY 398 billion	USD 2.7 billion	JPY 40.8 billion	USD 0.27 billion
10	BMW Motorrad	EUR 3,220 million	USD 3.57 billion	EUR 198 million	USD 0.219 billion
11	Ducati	EUR 1,003 million	USD 1.11 billion	EUR 91 million	USD 0.101 billion
12	Piaggio Group	EUR 1,701 million	USD 1.88 billion	EUR 67.2 million	USD 0.0745 billion
13	KTM	EUR 1,879 million	USD 2.08 billion	(EUR -1,280 million)	(USD -1,420 million)
Source: Annual Report, 2024
Origin Currency: Official Currency Used in Annual Report 2024
US Dollar: Converted Currency from Origin Currency into US Dollar Based on Currency Rates below
Currency Rates:
1 Japanese Yen (JPY)= 0.0068 US Dollar (USD)
1 Euro (EUR) = 1.11 US Dollar (USD)
1 Indian Rupee (INR) = 0.011 US Dollar (USD)
1 Crores = 10,000,000 Indian Rupee (INR)

 

 

Brief Description of 12 World’s Largest Motorcycle Companies  in 2024

 

 

1. Honda Motor Co., Ltd        

Founded by Soichiro Honda in September 1948, Honda Motor Co., Ltd. has grown into one of the world's largest motorcycle companies. Historically, Honda officially entered the motorcycle business in 1949 with the release of its first motorcycle, the Model D (also known as the "Dream"). As of 2024, Honda sold around 20.2 million units of its motorcycle products worldwide. Geographically, the Asia region still becomes the backbone of Honda’s motorcycles. Commonly, the sales of Honda motorcycle products reached 17.4 million units. Operationally, Honda still has headquarters in Minato, Tokyo. As one of the world's largest motorcycles companies, Honda has some well-known brands of its motorcycle products including SuperCup, CB, CBR, Africa Twin, Goldwing, Monkey, and others.

 

Financially, based on the business performance in 2024, Honda Motor could sell around 20 million units of its motorcycle products. Overall, Honda can sell more motorcycles than any other motorcycle company in the world. In terms of financial aspects with this performance, total revenue of Honda Motor from motorcycle business reached JPY 3,626 billion or equivalent to USD 24.6 billion and successfully gained operating profit/ income JPY 663 billion or equivalent to USD 4.5 billion.

 

2. Bajaj Auto       

Bajaj Auto is one of the world's largest motorcycle companies founded on 9 November 1945 by Jamnalal Bajaj. Operationally, Bajaj Auto still has its headquarters in Pune, Maharashtra, India. Popular with its Motorcycles and three-wheeler vehicles, Bajaj Auto sold 3.95 million units in the year 2024. Specifically in India, Bajaj Auto has some brands of motorcycles, namely Bajaj Freedom, Pulsar, Dominar, Avenger, Vector, CT. As of now, Bajaj Auto has some manufacturing sites located in India (Waluj, Chakan, Pantnagar).

Financially, as one of the world’s largest motorcycle companies in 2024, according to its annual report in 2024, Bajaj Auto successfully gained total revenue of 50,010 Crores or equivalent to USD 5.5 billion. Furthermore, Bajaj Auto also has operating profit/ income of around 10,101 Crores or equivalent to USD 1.1 billion.

 

3. Yamaha Motor

Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. is a Japanese motorcycles manufacturer Founded by Genichi Kawakami in the year 1955. To date, Yamaha Motor still has its headquarters in Iwata, Shizuoka, Japan with several employees around 54,206 people. As of 2025, some of Yamaha's motorcycle products including The R-Series Pedigree (YZF-R1 superbike, with the lineup including the YZF-R7, R3, R25, R15, and R125), The MT Series Pedigree (MT-10 flagship, MT-09, and MT-07 to the smaller MT-03, MT-25, MT-15, and MT-125), The XSR Series Pedigree (XSR700 and XSR900), The MAX Series Pedigree (XMAX and NMAX), The YZ-Series Pedigree (YZ450F), and The F-Series Pedigree (Fino, Fillano, Fazio). Geographically, related to business performance, Asia and North America region still become the backbone of Yamaha business with contributions around 39% and 23.6% of all total revenue of motorcycle business, respectively.

In terms of business performance, according to its annual report in 2024, Yamaha Motor Corporation successfully sold 4.8 million units of its motorcycle products worldwide. Financially, according to its annual report, Yamaha Corporation successfully gained total revenue of around JPY 1,715 billion or equivalent to USD 11.6 million and gained operating profit or net income around JPY 85.5 billion or equivalent to USD 0.58 billion.

 

4. Eicher Motors (Royal Enfield)     

Eicher Motors Limited is an Indian multinational automotive company that manufactures motorcycles and commercial vehicles headquartered in New Delhi and founded by Vikram Lal in 1948. Commonly, Eicher is the parent company of Royal Enfield, a manufacturer of middleweight motorcycles. Historically, they bought 26% stake in Enfield India Ltd and by 1993 Eicher acquired a majority stake (60% equity shareholding) in Royal Enfield India in February 1990. Operationally, Royal Enfield has manufacturing sites located in Thiruvottiyur, Oragadam Industrial Corridor, and SIPCOT Industrial Park. All the sites are in Tamil Nandu, India. As of 2025, Royal Enfield has premium line-up motorcycles including newly introduced electric vehicle brand, Flying Flea - the Classic-styled Flying Flea C6 and Scrambler-styled Flying Flea S6, Bear 650, Classic 650, Guerrilla 450 modern roadster, Hunter 350, Meteor 350, Super Meteor 650, Interceptor 650 and Continental GT 650 twins, the Shotgun 650, the new Himalayan adventure tourer, the Scram 440 ADV Crossover, the iconic Bullet 350 and Classic 350.

In terms of business performance in 2024, total motorcycle sales of Royal Enfield reached 1 million units. Financially, according to its annual report in 2024, total revenue of Eicher Motors reached 18,870 Crores or equivalent to USD 2.07 billion with operating profit or income 4,504 Crores or equivalent to USD 0.495 billion.

 

5. TVS Motor      

TVS Motor Company is an Indian multinational motorcycle manufacturer headquartered in Chennai founded by Thirukkurungudi Vengaram Sundram Iyengar in 1911. Along with business development, TVS Motor exists in more than 90 countries with around 63 million users around the world with more than 4,500 authorized service centers and more than 10,000 certified technicians. Furthermore, in terms of expanding its business, TVS Motor company acquired the brand Norton Motorcycle Company, a motorcycle company based in Birmingham, England, which cost around £16 million On 17 April 2020.

In terms of business performance in 2024, TVS Motor company has total sales of 4.74 million units. Financially, according to its annual report in 2024, total revenue of TVS motor reached 31,925 Crores or equivalent to USD 3.5 billion and successfully gained operating profit or income of 3,514 Crores or equivalent to USD 0.387 billion.

 

6. Hero Motor Corp

Hero MotoCorp Limited is an Indian multinational motorcycle and scooter manufacturer headquartered in New Delhi founded by Brijmohan Lall Munjal on 19 January 1984. Along with business development, Hero Motor Corp exists in 48 countries serving more than 11,000 Customer touchpoints worldwide. Hero Motor also has some manufacturing sites located in Dharuhera (Haryana, India), Gurugram (Haryana, India), Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India), Neemrana (Rajasthan, India), Halol (Gujarat, India), Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh, India), Villa Rica (Colombia), Jessore (Bangladesh). Furthermore, Hero Motor Corp also built a Research & Development (R&D) center located in Centre for Innovation & Technology (CIT) (Jaipur, India) and Hero Tech Centre Germany (HTCG) (Munich, Germany). Commonly, some motorcycle model released by Hero Motor can be classified into several types and models, namely Hero Splendor Series, Hero HF Series, Hero Passion Series, Hero Glamour Series, Hero Xpulse Series, Hero Xtreme Series, Hero Karizma Series, Hero Mavrick. Meanwhile, the scooter series from Hero Motor are Hero Maestro Series, Hero Destini Series, Hero Xoom Series, and Hero Pleasure Series.

In terms of business performance in 2024, Hero Motor Corp sold around 5.9 million units of all motorcycles. Financially, according to its annual report of 2024, Hero Motor Corporation successfully gained total revenue of around 41,967 Crores or equivalent to USD 4.6 billion. Furthermore, Hero Motor Corp has operating profit or Income around 4,375 Crores or equivalent to USD 0.48 billion.

 

7. Kawasaki Motors      

Kawasaki Motors, Ltd. is a Japanese mobility manufacturer that produces motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, utility vehicles, watercraft, outboard motors, and other electric products which is headquartered in Akashi, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. Through Kawasaki's Aircraft Company, they began the development of a motorcycle engine in 1949, and it was completed in 1952 with mass production starting in 1953.

As of 2025, there are some models of Kawasaki motors based on models and functions. These models include EV / HEV (Z7 Hybrid, Ninja 7 Hybrid, Ninja e-1, Z e-1), Hypersport (Ninja H2R), Supersport & Sport (Ninja ZX-6R, Ninja 650, Ninja 500, Ninja 500 SE, Ninja ZX-4R, Ninja ZX-4RR, Ninja 7 Hybrid, Ninja e-1, Ninja ZX-10RR, Ninja ZX-10R, Ninja 650, Ninja ZX-10R, Ninja ZX-6R, Ninja ZX-4RR, Ninja 400, and Ninja 125), Supernaked (Z H2 SE, Z H2, Z900 SE, Z900, Z900 (70kW), Z650, Z500 SE, Z500, Z7 Hybrid, Z e-1), Sport Tourer (Ninja 1100SX SE, Ninja 1100SX, Ninja H2 SX SE, Ninja H2 SX, Ninja 1000SX), Modern Classic (Z900RS SE, Z900RS, Z650RS, Z900RS Yellow Ball Edition), Classic (Urban Cruiser, Eliminator 500 SE, Vulcan S, Eliminator 500), A2 Bikes (Z900 (70kW), Z650, Z500 SE, Z500, Versys 650, Ninja 650, Ninja 500 SE, Ninja 500, Vulcan S, Z650RS, W800, Z e-1, Ninja e-1, Ninja 650 40th Anniversary, Ninja 125, Ninja 400, Z400), Motocross (KX450,KX250, KX65, KX112, KX85 I, KX85 II, KX450 50th Anniversary, KX250 50th Anniversary), Enduro (KX450X, KX250X, KLX110R, New 2025, KLX230R S, KLX140R F, KLX140R L, KLX140R, KLX450R) and other models.

Financially, according to the annual report of 2024, Kawasaki motor successfully gained total revenue of JPY 592 billion or equivalent to USD 4.02 billion with operating profit or income reaching JPY 48 billion or equivalent to USD 0.32 billion.

 

8. Harley-Davidson       

Harley-Davidson, Inc. is an American motorcycle manufacturer headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin founded in 1903 by William S. Harley, Arthur Davidson, Walter Davidson, and William A. Davidson. As of 2025, Harley-Davidson, Inc has three reportable segments Harley-Davidson Motor Company (HDMC) which designs, manufactures and sells Harley-Davidson motorcycles and sells motorcycle parts, accessories, and apparel as well as licenses its trademarks, LiveWire (all-electric motorcycle brand with a focus on pioneering the two-wheel electric motorcycle space), and Harley-Davidson Financial Services (HDFS) (engaged in the business of financing and servicing wholesale inventory receivables and retail consumer loans, primarily for the purchase of Harley-Davidson and LiveWire motorcycles).

Operationally, Harley-Davidson still has a central office in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S. Popular with the Harley-Davidson motorcycle brand, this company has 1,224 dealership points worldwide. Commonly, some of the Harley-Davidson's model can be divided into Grand American Touring (Road King Special, Street Glide, Road Glide, Street Glide Ultra, CVO Street Glide, CVO Road Glide, CVO Road Glide ST), Trike, Cruiser (Street Bob, Low Rider S, Low Rider ST, Breakout, Fat Boy, Heritage Classic), Sport (Nightster, Nightster Special, Sportster S), Lightweight, and Adventure Touring (Pan America 1250 Special and Pan America 1250 S).

In terms of business performance in 2024, Harley Davidson successfully sold 151 thousand units of its motorcycle products worldwide. Furthermore, related to financial aspects on the annual report of 2024, Harley-Davidson successfully gained total revenue of USD 4.12 billion and operating profit or income around USD 277 million.

 

9. Suzuki    

Suzuki Motor Corporation is a Japanese multinational vehicle manufacturer headquartered in Takatsuka, Chūō-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan. Basically, Suzuki manufactures automobiles, motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), outboard marine engines, wheelchairs, and a variety of other small internal combustion engines. Historically, Suzuki was founded by Michio Suzuki in October 1909. In 1952, Suzuki started manufacturing motorcycles and as of 2025, there are many motorcycles model released by Suzuki, including DualSport (DR650S, DR-Z4S, DR-Z400S), SuperMoto (DR-Z4SM and DR-Z400SM), Sportbike (GSX-R1000R, GSX-R1000, GSX-8R, GSX-R750Z, GSX-R750, GSX-R600Z, GSX-R600, GSX250R ABS, Hayabusa, GSX-R1000R, GSX-R1000RZ, GSX-R1000, GSX-8R, GSX-R750, GSX-R750Z, GSX-R600, GSX-R600Z, GSX250R ABS), Street (GSX-8R, GSX-8TT, GSX-8T, GSX-8S, GSX-S1000GT+, GSX-S1000, GSX-S750Z ABS, GSX-S750Z, GSX-S750, SV650 ABS, and SV650), Adventure (V-STROM 1050DE Adventure, V-STROM 1050DE, V-STROM 1050, V-STROM 800DE Adventure,V-STROM 800DE, V-STROM 800 Touring, V-STROM 800, V-Strom 650, V-Strom 650XT, and V-Strom 650XT Adventure) and other models.

In terms of business performance in 2024, Suzuki successfully sold around 2.064 million of its motorcycle products. Financially, according to its annual report, total revenue of Suzuki from Motorcycle business reached JPY 398 billion or equivalent to USD 2.7 billion with operating profit or income around JPY 40.8 billion or equivalent to USD 0.27 billion.

 

10. BMW Motorrad 

BMW Motorrad is the motorcycle brand and division of the German automotive manufacturer. Historically, BMW started to produce motorcycles in 1923. Operationally, BMW Motorrad's motorcycle production is located at its plant in Berlin, and some engines are manufactured in Austria, China, and Taiwan. Commonly, some of the BMW Motorrad's motorcycle models can be included into C series (CE04, CE02, C400GT and C400X), F series (F750GS, F800GS, F900GS Adventure, F850GS, F850GS Adventure, F900R, F900GS, F900XR),G series (G310R, G310GS, and G310RR), R series R1250GS, R1250GS Adventure, R1250RT, R1250R, R1250RS, R1300GS), K series (K1600B, K1600 Grand America, K1600GT, and K1600GTL), S series (S1000RR, S1000R, and S1000XR).

In terms of business performance, especially in 2024, BMW Motorrad successfully sold around 210 thousand of its motorcycle products in the world. Financially, according to its annual report of 2024, BMW Motorrad successfully gained total revenue of around EUR 3,220 million or equivalent to USD 3.57 billion. Furthermore, BMW Motorrad gained operating profit or income around EUR 198 million or equivalent to USD 0.219 billion.

 

11. Ducati      

Ducati is an Italian motorcycle manufacturing company headquartered in Bologna, Italy. Historically, Ducati was founded by Antonio Cavalieri Ducati, Adriano Cavalieri Ducati, and Bruno Cavalieri Ducati. As of 2025, Ducati still become the subsidiary company of Volkswagen Group (one of the world's largest car manufacturing companies based on Germany) since 1912. As of 2025, Ducati has some models of its motorcycle products including Monster, Multistrada, Diavel, Streetfighter, Hypermotard, Scrambler.

Related to business performance in 2024, Ducati successfully sold around 54.4 thousand units of motorcycles in the world. Financially, according to its annual report of 2024, Ducati successfully gained total revenue of around EUR 1,003 million or equivalent to USD 1.11 billion. Furthermore, Ducati also made operating profit of EUR 91 million or equivalent to USD 0.101 billion.

 

12. Piaggio Group    

Piaggio Group is an Italian motor vehicle manufacturer, which produces a range of two-wheeled motor vehicles and compact commercial vehicles and manages five brands Piaggio, Gilera, Scarabeo, Ape, Vespa, Aprilia, Moto Guzzi and Derbi. Historically, Piaggio was founded by Rinaldo Piaggio and still has headquarters in Pontedera, Italy.

During 2024, the Piaggio Group sold a total of 359,900 two-wheeler vehicles worldwide. In terms of business performance in 2024, Piaggio Group has total revenue around EUR 1,701 million or equivalent to USD 1.88 billion with operating profit or income reaching EUR 67.2 million or equivalent to USD 0.0745 billion.

 

13. KTM        

KTM is an Austrian motorcycle, bicycle and motorsports brand which is owned by Indian manufacturer Bajaj Auto (75.0%) and Austrian manufacturer Pierre Mobility AG (25.0%). Historically, KTM was founded by Hans Trunkenpolz in 1934. Operationally, KTM still has its headquarters in Mattighofen, Upper Austria, Austria. Commonly, KTM is popular with a wide range of off-road motorcycles and some motorcycles model released by KTM, namely Motocross (SX 50 SX, 65 SX, 85 SX, 105 SX, 125 SX, 150 SX, 250 SX and 300 SX),Cross-Country (150 XC, 250 XC and 300 XC), Free ride (ESX), Plated (Street Legal) (EXC-F, Freeride 250 R).

Regarding business performance, KTM successfully sold around 292 thousand units of its motorcycles in 2024. Financially, in terms of business performance in 2024, KTM has total revenue of around EUR 1,879 million or equivalent to USD 2.08 billion. Furthermore, KTM suffered an operating loss of around (EUR -1,280 million) or equivalent to (USD -1,420 million).

 

14. Polaris (Indian Motorcycle)

Indian Motorcycle is an American brand of motorcycles owned and produced by automotive manufacturer Polaris Inc. Historically, Indian Motorcycles was founded by George M. Hendee and Oscar Hedstrom in 1901. Operationally, Indian Motorcycles still has a central office in Spirit Lake, Iowa, U.S.A. Structurally, the owner of Indian Motorcycles is Polaris Inc. In the year of 2024, Indian Motorcycles successfully sold around 24 thousand units of all motorcycle products.

 

15. Triumph Motorcycle

Triumph Motorcycles Ltd is a UK-owned motorcycle manufacturer, established in 1983 by John Bloor and still has headquarters in Hinckley, Leicestershire, England. Commonly, as of 2025, Triumph Motorcycles has some models including Adventure (Tiger Sport 660, Tiger 850 Sport, Tiger 900 GT, Tiger 900 Rally, Tiger 1200 GT, Tiger 1200 Rally), Roadster (Trident 660, Street Triple, Speed Triple, Sport Bike), Classic (Speed Twin 900, Bonneville T100, Scrambler 900, Speed 400, Speed T4, Speed Twin 1200, Bonneville T120, Bonneville Bobber, Bonneville Speedmaster, Scrambler 400 X, Scrambler 400 XC, Scrambler 1200, Thruxton RS,Thruxton 400), Power Cruiser (Triumph Rocket III and Triumph Rocket 3). In terms of business performance in 2024, total sales of Triumph Motorcycle reached 133 thousand units.

 

The Rank of 12 World’s Largest Motorcycle Companies in 2024 Based on Total Motorcycle Sales in 2024

 

The Rank of 12 World’s Largest Motorcycle Companies in 2024 Based on Total Operating Profit/ Income in 2024

Bibliography of 12 World’s Largest Motorcycle Companies in 2024

 

Honda Motor. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://global.honda/en/sustainability/integratedreport/ on August 17th, 2025.

Hero MotoCorp. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.heromotocorp.com/en-in/company/investors/annual-report.html on August 17th, 2025.

Yamaha. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://global.yamaha-motor.com/ir/integrated-report/ on August 17th, 2025.

TVS Motor. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.tvsmotor.com/annual-report on August 17th, 2025.

Bajaj Auto. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.bajajauto.com/investors/financial-and-operational-performance on August 17th, 2025.

Suzuki. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.globalsuzuki.com/ir/library/financialresults/ on August 17th, 2025.

Eicher Motors (Royal Enfield). 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.eicher.in/investors-overview/financial_and_reports/annual-reports on August 17th, 2025.

Piaggio Group. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.piaggiogroup.com/en/archive/investor/financial-reports on August 17th, 2025.

KTM. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.pierermobility.com/en/investor-relations/publications on August 17th, 2025.

BMW Motorrad. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/investor-relations.html on August 17th, 2025.

Harley-Davidson. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://investor.harley-davidson.com/financials/sec-filings/default.aspx on August 17th, 2025.

Triumph Motorcycle. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.triumphmotorcycles.co.uk/ on August 17th, 2025.

Ducati. 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.ducati.com/ww/en/news/ducati-ends-2024-with-a-revenue-of-over-one-billion-euros-combined-with-a-benchmark-profitability  on August 17th, 2025.

Polaris (Indian Motorcycle). 2025. Annual Report 2024. Accessed via https://www.motorcyclesdata.com/2024/09/08/indian-motorcycles/ on August 17th, 2025.